Haɗawa, sarrafawa, aiki da aikace-aikacen kayan TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)wani nau'in polyurethane ne da za a iya ƙera shi ta hanyar dumamawa kuma ana iya narkar da shi ta hanyar sinadarai masu narkewa. Idan aka kwatanta da nau'in haɗawa da nau'in simintin polyurethane, polyurethane mai thermoplastic ba shi da alaƙa ko kaɗan da sinadarai a cikin tsarin sinadarai, kuma ƙwayoyin halittarsa ​​suna layi-layi, amma akwai wani adadin musayar zahiri.
Manufar abin da ake kira musayar jiki, wadda Schollenberger CS ya fara gabatar da ita a shekarar 1958, tana nufin wanzuwar "wuraren haɗin kai" mai juyewa tsakanin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta na polyurethane masu layi idan aka fallasa su ga zafi ko abubuwan narkewa. Ba ainihin haɗin kai na sinadarai ba ne. Amma yana aiki a matsayin haɗin kai na sinadarai. Sakamakon wannan haɗin kai na zahiri, polyurethane ta samar da ka'idar tsarin siffa iri-iri, kuma haɗin hydrogen na polyurethane yana ƙarfafa yanayinsa kuma yana sa ya yi tsayayya da zafi mai yawa.

Menene rarrabuwar TPU

Yanzu da muka san menene TPU, menene rarrabuwarta? Dangane da ƙa'idodin rarrabuwa daban-daban, TPU na iya samun rarrabuwa daban-daban.

Misali, bisa ga tsarin sashin mai laushi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in polyester, nau'in polyether da nau'in butadiene, waɗanda ke ɗauke da rukunin ester, ƙungiyar ether ko ƙungiyar butene bi da bi. Dangane da tsarin sashe mai tauri, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in urethane da nau'in urea urea, waɗanda aka samo su bi da bi daga masu faɗaɗa sarkar diol ko masu faɗaɗa sarkar diamine. Rarraba gama gari an raba ta zuwa nau'in polyester da nau'in polyether.
Dangane da kasancewar ko rashin haɗin giciye, ana iya raba shi zuwa tsattsarkar thermoplastic da kuma rabin thermoplastic. Na farko tsari ne mai layi ɗaya ba tare da haɗin giciye ba; na biyun yana ɗauke da ƙaramin adadin allophanate da sauran haɗin giciye. Dangane da amfani da kayayyakin da aka gama, ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa na musamman (sassan injina daban-daban), bututu (sheaths, profiles na sanda), fina-finai (zane-zane, zanen gado), manne, shafi, da zare.

Yadda ake haɗa TPU

Duk da cewa akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na TPU, duk sun kasance na polyurethane dangane da tsarin kwayoyin halitta. To ta yaya aka haɗu? Dangane da hanyoyin haɗa abubuwa daban-daban, galibi ana raba shi zuwa polymerization mai yawa da polymerization mai mafita.

A cikin polymerization mai yawa, ana iya raba shi zuwa hanyar pre-polymerization da hanyar mataki ɗaya bisa ga ko akwai pre-reaction: hanyar pre-polymerization ita ce a mayar da diisocyanate tare da macromolecular diol na wani lokaci, sannan a ƙara tsawaita sarka don samar da TPU; Diols na kwayoyin halitta, diisoesters da masu faɗaɗa sarka suna haɗuwa a lokaci guda kuma suna amsawa don samar da TPU.
Tsarin polymerization na mafita shine a narkar da diisocyanate a cikin sinadarin da ke narkewa da farko, sannan a ƙara macromolecular diol don ya yi aiki na wani lokaci, sannan a ƙarshe a ƙara sarkar extender don samar da TPU.
Nau'in sassa masu laushi, nauyin kwayoyin halitta, abun da ke cikin sashe mai tauri ko mai laushi da kuma yanayin tarin TPU na TPU zai shafi yawan TPU. Yawan yana tsakanin 1.10 da 1.25, wanda ba shi da bambanci sosai da sauran roba da robobi. A irin wannan tauri, yawan polyether TPU ya fi na polyester TPU ƙasa.

Yadda ake sarrafa TPU

Ana buƙatar a sarrafa resin TPU don yin samfuran da aka gama, kuma galibi ana sarrafa TPU ta hanyar narkewa da hanyar magancewa. Tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​tubalan ne mai tauri da aka samu ta hanyar amsawar diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) ko toluene diisocyanate (TDI) tare da mai faɗaɗa sarka da diisocyanate kamar diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) ko toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Kwayoyin halitta da polyols na macromolecular suna amsawa don samar da sassa masu sassauƙa a madadin haka.

Sarrafa narkewa tsari ne da aka saba amfani da shi a masana'antar robobi: kamar haɗawa, calendering, extrusion, busa gyale da gyare-gyare (gami da allura, matsi, canja wuri da centrifugation da sauransu. Sarrafa mafita shine narkar da ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin abubuwan narkewa ko polymerization kai tsaye a cikin abubuwan narkewa. Bayan yin mafita, ana yin shafi, juyawa, da sauransu.
Ana yin TPU a matsayin samfurin ƙarshe, wanda gabaɗaya baya buƙatar vulcanization da haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai iya rage zagayowar samarwa, kuma ana iya sake amfani da kayan sharar gida kuma a sake amfani da su.

Aikin TPU

Kamar polyurethane da aka yi da siminti (ruwa) da kuma haɗa polyurethane (mai ƙarfi), TPU tana da babban modulus, ƙarfi mai yawa, tsayin daka mai yawa da kuma sassauci mai yawa, juriyar lalacewa mai kyau, juriyar mai, juriyar zafi mai ƙarancin zafi da juriyar tsufa. Daga cikinsu, ƙarfin juriya mai yawa, tsayin daka mai yawa, da ƙarancin saitin matsi na dogon lokaci duk manyan fa'idodi ne na TPU.

1. Ƙarfin tensile mai yawa da kuma tsayin daka mai yawa
TPU tana da ƙarfin juriya da tsawaitawa mai kyau. Daga bayanan da ke cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, za mu iya ganin cewa ƙarfin juriya da tsawaitawar TPU ta polyether sun fi na roba da roba ta polyvinyl chloride kyau.

Bugu da ƙari, TPU na iya biyan buƙatun masana'antar abinci ba tare da ƙara ko ƙara wasu ƙarin abubuwa a cikin tsarin sarrafawa ba, wanda ke da wahala ga wasu kayan aiki kamar PVC da roba.

2. Juriya tana da matuƙar tasiri ga yanayin zafi
Juriyar TPU tana nufin matakin murmurewa cikin sauri zuwa siffarsa ta asali bayan an saki damuwar nakasa, wanda makamashin murmurewa ke bayyanawa, wato rabon aikin nakasawa da aikin da ake buƙata don nakasawa. Yana aiki ne na yanayin aiki mai ƙarfi da gogayya ta ciki na elastomer kuma yana da matuƙar saurin amsawa ga zafin jiki.

Springback yana raguwa tare da raguwar zafin jiki, har sai wani zafin jiki ya sake ƙaruwa da sauri. Wannan zafin jiki shine zafin kristal na ɓangaren laushi, wanda ya dogara da tsarin macromolecular diol, kuma polyether TPU ya fi ƙasa da polyester TPU. A yanayin zafi ƙasa da zafin kristal, elastomer yana tauri sosai kuma yana rasa sassaucinsa, saboda haka, rebound yayi kama da rebound daga saman ƙarfe mai tauri.

3. Jerin taurin kai shine Shore A60~D80
Taurin kai alama ce ta ikon abu na jure wa nakasa, rauni da ƙaiƙayi.
Ana iya daidaita taurin TPU ta hanyar daidaita rabon sassan sarka mai laushi da tauri. Saboda haka, TPU tana da kewayon tauri mai faɗi. Taurinta ya kama daga Shore A60 zuwa D80, wanda ya mamaye taurin roba da filastik, kuma yana da nau'ikan tauri iri-iri a cikin dukkan kewayon tauri. Babban sassauci.
Da canjin tauri, wasu halaye na TPU za su canza. Misali, idan aka ƙara tauri na TPU, za a sami canje-canje a aiki kamar ƙara ƙarfin tensile da ƙarfin tsagewa, ƙaruwar tauri da matsin lamba (ƙarfin kaya), raguwar tsayi, ƙaruwar yawa da samar da zafi mai ƙarfi, da kuma ƙaruwar juriya ga muhalli.

Filin aikace-aikacen TPU

Kamfanin Sinadaran Amurka na Goodrich (wanda yanzu ake kira Lubrizol) ya fara tallata TPU cikin nasara a shekarar 1958, kuma tun daga lokacin aka yi bincike aka kuma fadada shi a duk fadin duniya. A halin yanzu, masana'antun kayan aikin TPU galibi sun hada da BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical, Shanghai Hengan, Ruihua, Asahikawa Chemical da sauransu.
A matsayinsa na elastomer mai kyakkyawan aiki, TPU tana da nau'ikan kayayyaki iri-iri kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin abubuwan yau da kullun, kayan wasanni, kayan wasa, kayan ado da sauran fannoni. Ga wasu misalai kaɗan.
1. Kayan takalma
Ana amfani da TPU a cikin kayan takalma galibi saboda kyawun sassaucinsa da juriyarsa ga lalacewa. Kayayyakin takalma masu ɗauke da TPU sun fi kyau wajen sanya kayan jin daɗi fiye da kayan takalma na yau da kullun, don haka ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kayan takalma masu tsada, musamman wasu takalman wasanni da takalma na yau da kullun.


2. Tiyo
Saboda bututun TPU yana da laushi, ƙarfin juriya mai kyau, ƙarfin tasiri da juriya mai yawa da ƙarancin zafin jiki, ana amfani da bututun TPU sosai a China don jigilar iskar gas da mai na jiragen sama, tankuna, motoci, babura, kayan aikin injina da sauran bututun kayan aikin injiniya.



3. Na USB
TPU tana ba da juriya ga hawaye, juriya ga lalacewa da lanƙwasawa, kuma juriya ga zafi mai yawa da ƙarancin zafi shine mabuɗin aikin kebul. Saboda haka, a kasuwar Sin, ana amfani da TPU don kebul mai ƙarfi, kamar kebul na sarrafawa da kebul na wutar lantarki, don kare kayan shafa na kebul masu ƙira masu rikitarwa, kuma amfani da shi yana ƙara faɗaɗawa.



4. Kayan aikin likita
TPU madadin PVC ne mai aminci, mai karko, kuma mai inganci. Ba zai ƙunshi sinadarai masu cutarwa kamar phthalate ba, kuma zai koma jini ko wasu ruwaye a cikin catheters na likita ko jakunkunan likita don haifar da illa. Ana iya amfani da TPU mai ƙarfi da allura cikin sauƙi tare da ɗan daidaitawa a cikin kayan aikin PVC da ake da su.