Injin fitarwa: Yadda ake inganta fitar da iskar VOC a masana'antar filastik?

Injin fitar da filastik da aka gyara

Masana'antu sun ciyar da al'ummar ɗan adam gaba, kuma yayin da muke jin daɗin ribar da suka samu, lamarin hayakin da ya faru a London a shekarar 1952 ya dawo mana da gaskiyar lamarin.
Yayin da lokaci ke tafiya, masu amfani da kayayyaki, ma'aikata, da 'yan siyasa suna ƙara zama ƙarami
sane da iskar gas ɗin sharar masana'antu.

Gabatar da sabbin manufofi ya kuma sa masana'antar robobi da aka gyara ta koma ga kare muhalli.
Amma ta yaya za mu iya inganta fitar da iskar VOC cikin inganci a masana'antar filastik da aka gyara?
Yanzu ku bi matakina don duba hanyoyin magance VOCs na masana'antu, da kuma tsarin halittu.

Layin fitar da filastik na PP/PE/PVC: Binciken fitar da iskar VOCs

Ana samar da VOCs galibi a cikin tsarin narkewa da sanyaya na mai fitarwa a cikin tsarin gyaran haɗin gwiwa, kuma babban wurin samar da gurɓataccen iska yana kusa da kan mai fitarwa. Haɗin iskar sharar da aka samar a cikin tsarin gyaran ya bambanta ga kayan tushe daban-daban.
PolyethyleneShakar hayakin da ake samarwa (PE) tana da ƙarfi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta (hayaki), hydrocarbons da manyan hydrocarbons (mai);
Bayanin polypropyleneShakar hayakin da ake samarwa (PP) tana da rinjayen hydrocarbons marasa methane, manyan hydrocarbons, propylene, formaldehyde, acrylic acid, acetaldehyde da acetone;
Polyvinyl kilogiramShakar da ake fitarwa (PVC) tana da rinjayen methylene chloride;
Yawan gurɓatattun abubuwa daban-daban a cikin iskar gas ɗin shaye-shaye na polystyrene (HIPS) da samar da ABS yana da ƙasa sosai (Zafin jiki kuma yana da babban tasiri akan nau'in da jimlar iskar gas ɗin shaye-shaye da aka samar yayin aikin samarwa. Wani bincike ya ambaci cewa don sarrafa polypropylene homopolymer, tare da yanayin zafi na samarwa na 205°C da 319°C, bi da bi, na ƙarshen yana samar da jimlar hydrocarbons waɗanda ba methane ba sau takwas fiye da na 205°C, tare da hydrocarbons masu nauyi sau 7.4 da propylene sau 66.2 fiye da na farko.

Tsarin maganin sharar gida na yau da kullun

1. Yi amfani da resin mai ƙarancin ragowar monomer
Illa iyaka, zaɓi resin da ke da ƙarancin abun ciki na monomers da suka rage. Misali, abun ciki na VC monomer a cikin resin PVC na likitanci yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma abun ciki na VC zai iya kaiwa 1ppm (mg/kg) (ƙimar da ta dace ita ce 5); don PP da ake amfani da shi a cikin allunan ciki na mota, tabbatar da zaɓar resin da ke da ƙarancin abun ciki na ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta masu canzawa.
2. Amfani da ƙarin abubuwa masu nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mafi girma
Duk iyawar da za a iya yi, yi amfani da ƙarin abubuwa masu nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai yawa, musamman ma ƙarin sinadarai na polymer, don tabbatar da cewa ba sa yin ɗumi a zafin aiki da kuma ƙaura daga waje.
(1) Idan an canza wakilin haɗin gwiwa zuwa mai daidaitawa, musamman kamar polymer da aka dasa ko polymer da aka dasa, amma ɓangaren dasa maleic anhydride yana da wani wari.
(2) Man shafawa mai poly pentaerythritol stearate (PETS), da sauransu; zaɓin mai warwatse na nauyin kwayoyin halitta sama da kakin polyethylene 5000 (PE-Wax).
(3) Maganin hana harshen wuta gwargwadon iyawa don amfani da nau'in polymer, musamman kamar su brominated polystyrene, brominated epoxy resin, da sauransu.
3. Ƙara mai narkewa
Yana nufin amfani da masu shaye-shaye don kamawa ko shaye ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta da suka rage a cikin matrix na resin don cimma buƙatar sarrafa abun ciki na VOC. Hanyar shaye-shaye ta kasu kashi biyu: shaye-shayen sinadarai da shaye-shaye na zahiri. Kayan shaye-shaye na zahiri da aka saba amfani da su sune kayan da ke da ramuka, kamar: zeolite, carbon da aka kunna, sieve na kwayoyin halitta, diatomite, da sauransu.
Shakar sinadaran abu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen kawar da VOCs daga kayan aiki ta hanyar ƙara ƙarin abubuwa da ke amsawa da VOCs don samar da wani abu mai girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta wanda ba zai yi ƙarfi ba a ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani na yau da kullun (misali, ƙasa da 100 °C) ko kuma ta hanyar samar da iskar gas mai ƙarfi.
4. Kula da yanayin sarrafawa
(1) Samar da ƙarancin zafin jiki: A ƙarƙashin manufar tabbatar da cikakken plasticization na samfuran, zafin sarrafawa ya yi ƙasa, don haka rage samar da ƙananan abubuwan ruɓewar ƙwayoyin halitta.
(2) Fitowa daga wurare da yawa: ƙara yawan fitowa daga wurare, wanda zai iya kaiwa matakai 3 ko ma 4, don cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke canzawa a cikin lokaci.

5. Rage amfani da kayan da aka yi da sinadarai masu narkewa
(1) Rufin da aka yi da ruwa: ruwa a matsayin hanyar watsawa maimakon sinadaran da ke canzawa na halitta, fasahar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu har yanzu tana buƙatar ɗaukar kusan kashi 20% na sinadaran ether da barasa, ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙananan rufin VOC, ba rufin da ba shi da VOC ba.
(2) Rufin foda mai ƙarfi: ba tare da wani sinadarin sinadarai na halitta ba, babu wani hayakin VOC.
(3) Rufin da ke warkar da haske: kayan da ke samar da fim sun dogara ne akan ƙera tasirin haske, suna iya rage amfani da sinadaran da ke warkar da haske, amma galibi suna buƙatar ɗaukar kusan kashi 30% na sinadaran da ke warkar da haske.
(4) Manne mai tushen ruwa da kuma sinadaran sakin ruwa: a halin yanzu akwai samfuran sinadarai masu narkewar halitta waɗanda ba su da wadataccen abun ciki.
6. Busasshen tururi mai zafi sosai
Bayan matrix ɗin filastik ya ratsa ta cikin na'urar fitar da sikirin biyu da kuma na'urar fitar da sikirin pelletizer, ana jigilar shi zuwa tsarin maganin VOC, inda ake dumama shi a 80-120°C don sanya abubuwan VOC (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene da sauran abubuwan hydrocarbon) waɗanda ƙwayoyin filastik suka shanye su a busasshe - a yi tururi kamar yadda zai yiwu. Lokacin tururin busasshe ya dogara da zafin jiki, wanda yake da yawa kuma ƙasa da haka, yawanci kimanin awanni 3. A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanonin gyaran suna amfani da wannan hanyar.

Tsarin maganin sharar iskar gas na halitta

Tsarin ilimin halittu yana da yuwuwa saboda dalilai guda biyu:
① Yawan iskar shaƙa yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma yawan warin da aka zaɓa yana raguwa sosai bayan hanyar nazarin halittu ta kawar da gurɓatattun abubuwa masu yawan lalata iskar shaƙa daga iskar shaƙa, don a iya cika ƙa'idar fitar da hayaƙi;
②Ƙananan adadin hydrocarbons masu sarƙoƙi da methylene chloride za su shaƙa ta hanyar kayan aiki kamar gawayin bamboo da ke cikin abin da ke cikewa, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta na iya lalata su a hankali ko kuma su lalata su gaba ɗaya.

Tarin iskar gas mai shaye-shaye → hasumiyar feshi → rage man shafawa ta lantarki → fanka → tace kwayoyin halitta / carbon da aka kunna → cika ka'idodin hayaki

Bayan an tattara iskar sharar da ke cikin iskar, sai ta shiga hasumiyar share iskar, kuma zafin iskar sharar yana raguwa ta hanyar fesa ruwa mai yawo, yayin da ake cire yawancin barbashi da gurɓatattun abubuwa masu zafi (kamar manyan hydrocarbons) a cikin iskar sharar. Bayan iskar sharar ta fito daga hasumiyar share iskar, sai ta shiga kayan aikin cire mai na lantarki, wanda hakan ke ƙara cire barbashi da manyan hydrocarbons (mai) a cikin iskar sharar kuma yana samar da yanayi don aiwatarwa na gaba.
Daga nan sai a aika iskar shaƙar zuwa sashin halittu, inda zai shiga matattarar biofilter bayan an riga an wanke ta, sannan a ƙara sanyaya ta danshi, sannan ya ratsa ta cikin wani matattarar tacewa mai jika, mai ramuka da aiki, inda ƙananan halittun da ke cikin layin ke shaƙa, su shaƙa su kuma su lalata gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin iskar shaƙar organic, su narke su zuwa carbon dioxide, ruwa da sauran abubuwa marasa rai.
(1) Hasumiyar sanyaya
Babban manufar fesawa ita ce rage zafin iskar sharar gida, a gefe guda, ta yadda zafin iskar zai cika buƙatun shiga na maganin halittu; a gefe guda kuma, yayin da zafin ya ragu, yawancin manyan hydrocarbons, acrylic acid, acetone, methylene chloride da sauran abubuwa a cikin yanayin iskar gas ana mayar da su zuwa ruwa, don haka rage nauyin gurɓatawa.



(2) Na'urar cire mai ta Electrostatic
Iskar gas da ke fitarwa daga hasumiyar feshi tana buƙatar a cire danshi mai yawa daga iskar gas ɗin da ke fitarwa kafin ta shiga na'urar cire mai. Tsarin cire mai galibi yana cire ɗigon mai da ya rage a cikin iskar gas ɗin, galibi yana amfani da cire mai na lantarki. Ka'idar aiki ita ce ana shigar da iskar gas ɗin da ke fitarwa cikin filin lantarki mai ƙarfi, wanda ke sa a caji ɗigon mai a cikin iskar gas ɗin da ke fitarwa. Digon mai da aka caji yana motsawa zuwa sandar tattara ƙura a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin filin lantarki kuma ana ajiye su, don haka ana cire ɗigon mai daga iskar gas ɗin da ke fitarwa. Cire mai na lantarki yana da fa'idodin ingantaccen tsaftacewa, ƙarancin asara mai juriya, da kuma yawan ma'aunin sarrafa iskar gas.

(3) Na'urar tace halittu
Tacewar halittu hanya ce mai aminci, abin dogaro kuma mai kyau ga muhalli, wacce manufarta ita ce tattara iskar sharar gida daga majiyoyi daban-daban na gurɓatawa sannan a aika ta zuwa matatar biofilter a tsakiya. Bayan an jiƙa iskar sharar kuma an cire ƙurar, tana ratsawa ta cikin jika, mai ramuka da kuma aiki na cika ƙwayoyin cuta, da farko, mai cike da ruwa da kuma fim ɗin biofilm suna shanye gurɓatattun abubuwa, sannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman da aka haɗa a ciki da wajen mai cike da ruwa suna shanye gurɓatattun abubuwa, suna wargaza gurɓatattun abubuwa zuwa CO2, H2O, SO2, NO da sauran abubuwa marasa guba da marasa lahani, SO42-, NO3- da sauran abubuwa marasa guba da marasa lahani.
Ƙarancin VOCs ba wai kawai kariya ce ga lafiyar ma'aikata ba, har ma ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata don samun kyakkyawan masana'anta.
"Ruwan kore da dutsen kore shine dutsen azurfa na zinariya", tare da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da kare muhalli, ina ganin masana'antar robobi da aka gyara za ta ci gaba da canzawa zuwa kore.