Muhimman abubuwa guda biyu na motocin makamashi: batirin wutar lantarki da kuma nauyi mai sauƙi

A halin yanzu, matakin farko na gyaran masana'antar kera motoci shine samar da wutar lantarki.

A wannan lokacin, ainihin sassan motar ba su zama "manyan sassa uku" ba (inji, akwatin gear da chassis), amma tsarin lantarki uku (batir, mota da sarrafa lantarki), wanda ya kai fiye da kashi 50% na farashin sabbin motocin makamashi. Daga cikinsu, farashin batirin wutar lantarki ya kai kashi 90% na farashin wutar lantarki guda uku. Saboda haka, ana iya kiran tsarin batirin wutar lantarki "zuciyar" sabbin motocin makamashi.
Nauyin ƙananan motocin makamashi galibi kayan da suka shafi na'urorin lantarki ne, kamar masu haɗawa, hanyoyin caji, da kayan haɗin gwiwa don batirin wutar lantarki. Maye gurbin ƙarfe da filastik na iya rage nauyi da kusan kashi 30% idan aikin ya cika buƙatun. A halin yanzu, abin hawa mai tsabta na lantarki zai iya rage nauyi da kusan 100KG ta hanyar amfani da robobi masu sauƙi.

Injiniyan robobi don sabbin motocin makamashi, tare da yanayin amfani da samfuran motoci, suna buƙatar biyan buƙatun aiki masu zuwa:

Juriyar lalata sinadarai, juriyar mai, juriyar zafi mai yawa da ƙarancin zafi;
Kyakkyawan kayan aikin injiniya, yawan ruwa mai yawa, kyakkyawan aikin sarrafawa;
Kyakkyawan halayen saman da kuma kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali;
Yana da kyakkyawan kariya daga ruwa, mai hana danshi, mai hana harshen wuta, kare muhalli da sauran halaye da kuma yanayin zafi;
Kyakkyawan aikin anti-dielectric, wanda ya dace da wuraren lantarki;
Kyakkyawan juriya ga yanayi, kyakkyawan aiki na dogon lokaci, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na dogon lokaci.

1. Tsarin batirin wutar lantarki
Maƙallin batirin wutar lantarki
Maƙallan batirin wutar lantarki suna buƙatar jinkirin wuta, kwanciyar hankali na girma, juriya ga sinadarai, da ƙarfi mai yawa. A halin yanzu, an gyara PPE, PPS, PC/ABS, da sauransu galibi ana amfani da su.

Murfin baturi
Farantin murfin batirin mai ƙarfi yana buƙatar jinkirin wuta, kwanciyar hankali na girma, juriya ga sinadarai, da ƙarfi mai yawa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da PPS, PA6, da PA66 da aka gyara galibi.

Akwatin batirin wutar lantarki
Akwatin batirin wutar lantarki yana buƙatar jinkirin wuta, kwanciyar hankali na girma, juriya ga sinadarai, da ƙarfi mai yawa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da PPS da aka gyara, PP da aka gyara, da PPO.

Tsarin motar DC
Tsarin motar DC galibi yana amfani da PBT da aka gyara, PPS, PA.

Gidajen jigilar kaya
Ana amfani da PBT da aka gyara galibi a cikin akwatin jigilar kayan lantarki na mota.

haši
Sabbin masu haɗa motocin makamashi galibi suna amfani da PPS, PBT, PA66, da PA da aka gyara.
2. Tsarin tuƙi da tsarin sanyaya mota

Farashin IGBT
Na'urar IGBT ita ce babbar na'urar da ke amfani da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki da kuma tarin caji na DC na sabuwar motar makamashi, wadda ke tantance yawan amfani da makamashin motar. Baya ga kayan ƙarfe da yumbu na gargajiya, ana amfani da robobi na injiniyan PPS a hankali.

Famfon ruwa na mota
Na'urorin juyawa na famfon ruwa na lantarki, akwatunan famfon ruwa, masu juyawa, bawuloli na ruwa, da sauransu suna buƙatar ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya mai yawa, da ƙarfi mai yawa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da kayan PPS da aka gyara galibi.

Manyan robobi guda uku, biyar na injiniya

PA

Polyamide, wanda aka fi sani da nailan, yana da nau'ikan PA da yawa a masana'antu, kuma waɗanda aka fi amfani da su sune PA6, PA66 da PA610. Saboda tasirin faɗaɗa zafi da sha ruwa, daidaiton girman ɓangaren ba shi da kyau, kuma ƙimar raguwa shine 1-2%. Kula da canjin girma na sha danshi bayan ƙera shi. Yawan sha ruwa shine 100%, kuma yana iya sha 8% lokacin da sha danshi ya cika. Kauri na bango da ya dace shine 2-3.5mm.
Ana amfani da PA galibi wajen kera bututun ƙarfe (bututun birki, bututun mai), matatun mai na konewa, matatun iska, matatun mai, gidajen famfon ruwa, masu tuƙi na famfon ruwa, fanka, tankunan ruwa na birki, tankunan ruwa na sitiyari a filin motoci, fararen rufewa, gidajen fitilar gaba, bel ɗin kujera.

PMMA

Polymethacrylate, wanda aka fi sani da plexiglass, yana da juriya ga tsufa a waje kuma yana da kyakkyawan watsa haske. Kayayyakin filastik masu dacewa: sassan tsari masu haske tare da wasu buƙatun ƙarfi.
Saboda kyawun aikin watsa haske, ana amfani da PMMA sosai a cikin alamun hasken mota, gilashin ƙofa da murfin gilashin fitila.

POM

POM, wanda aka fi sani da ƙarfe na filastik, ƙimar raguwa 2-3.5%, kauri mai dacewa da bango: 1.5-2.5mm.
Ana amfani da POM a cikin motoci don kera kayan haɗin akwatin safar hannu na kayan aiki, bawuloli daban-daban (bawuloli na magudanar ruwa, bawuloli na kwandishan, da sauransu), masu juyawa daban-daban (masu juyawa na famfon ruwa, masu juyawa na hita, ƙafafun famfon mai, da sauransu), makullan lantarki daban-daban da kayan aikin lantarki Ƙananan giya, maƙallan hannu daban-daban da fil ƙofa da sauransu.

PC

Polycarbonate yana da ƙarfin juriya ga tasirinsa da kuma juriyarsa ga ƙwanƙwasa, juriya ga zafi mai kyau da kuma juriya ga sanyi. Yawan raguwar shine 0.5-0.7%, kuma kauri mai dacewa na bango shine 2-3.5mm. Ƙara zare na gilashi zuwa PC na iya inganta raguwarsa, ƙarfin injina da juriya ga zafin jiki. Amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a kusan 100°C zai ƙara tauri, kuma ana iya amfani da annealing don inganta damuwa ta ciki.

PC / ABS

PC/ABS kayan haɗin ne naPCda kuma ABS, wanda yawanci ana bayarwa a cikin nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta bayan an haɗa su. Idan kawai ka haɗa kayan biyu ka yi musu allura kai tsaye, tasirin zai yi ƙasa kuma za a sami raguwar ruwa; fa'idar PC ɗin tana da tauri da tauri, amma rashin amfani shine fashewar damuwa da kuma yawan danko; fa'idar ABS ita ce ruwa mai kyau, amma saman ƙasan tauri; kayan da aka haɗa PC/ABS suna riƙe da fa'idodin duka biyun; PC/ABS yana da tauri mai yawa, tauri mai yawa da tauri, da kuma juriya ga fashewar damuwa; halayen injinan sa a tsakanin.
Ana amfani da PC galibi a fannin kera inuwar fitilu, garkuwar murfin ƙafafu na hagu da dama, jikin bezel na kayan aiki (PC/ABS), murfin firam ɗin iska na hagu da dama, murfin firam ɗin iska na tsakiya (PC/ABS), da matashin kai na baya.

PU

Dangane da nau'ikan polymerization daban-daban, polyurethane galibi ana raba shi zuwa polyurethane mai tauri da polyurethane mai laushi.
Ana amfani da kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane sosai a cikin kayan ciki na motoci da sassan da ke ɗaukar girgiza, kamar kayan shafa, zanen filastik mai ƙarfi na polyurethane, elastomers na polyurethane, kayan kumfa mai laushi na kujera, sassan ado, fata mai kujera, da kayan haɗin rufin; mafi shahara sune duk nau'ikan kayan kumfa mai laushi da tauri na polyurethane, waɗanda ke da keɓewar girgiza, rufin sauti, rage hayaniya, rufin zafi; Hakanan ana iya yin PU a cikin rufin polyurethane na mota, manne, sealants, da sauransu.
Sassan da ke wakiltar PU a cikin motoci sun haɗa da allon mota, madubai na baya, bumpers, matashin kujera, wurin hutawa, ƙafafun sitiyari, kushin hana girgiza na dashboard, kayan ado na ginshiƙai, rufin gaba, firam ɗin taga, rufi da rufin gefe. Adon firam, layin ƙofa, visor na rana, kayan ado na saman baya, da sauransu.