PVC, UPVC, CPVC, PP, PE, PB, PVDF aikin bututun filastik da bambance-bambancen #layin fitar da bututu #injin fitarwa

PVC
PVC(PolyVinylChloride) gabaɗaya yana samuwa a cikin matakai bakwai (SG1-SG7) gwargwadon tauri da halayensa, tare da yawan da ya kai kusan 1.4 g/cm³. A ƙasa da SG4, gabaɗaya samfuri ne mai laushi, wanda ke buƙatar babban adadin filastik lokacin samarwa, kuma ana amfani da shi galibi don yin fata ta wucin gadi, rufin waya da kebul, hatimi, da sauransu. Sama da SG5, samfuri ne mai tauri, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don yin bututu daban-daban, kamar magudanar ruwa, bututun lantarki, bututun post da sadarwa, faranti daban-daban, zanen gado da bayanin martaba, da sauransu. Yawan raguwar PVC a cikin samarwa shine 0.6-1.5%, kuma yana da kyawawan kaddarorin injiniya. PVC yana da ƙimar raguwar 0.6-1.5%, kyawawan kaddarorin injiniya, kyawawan kaddarorin lantarki, kashe kansa, juriyar acid da alkali mai ƙarfi, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau da ƙarancin farashi. Duk da haka, ci gabansa yana da cikas saboda ƙarancin zafin amfani da shi, wanda yake kusan 80°C a mafi girma.

Farashin CPVC
Ana samar da resin ta hanyar gyaran chlorine na resin polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kuma sabon nau'in filastik ne na injiniya. Samfurin fari ne ko rawaya mai haske, mara ƙamshi, mara guba, mara guba. Bayan an haɗa resin PVC da chlorine, rashin daidaituwar haɗin kwayoyin halitta yana ƙaruwa kuma polarity yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ƙara narkewar resin da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, don haka inganta juriyar zafi na kayan da juriyar tsatsa na acid, alkalis, gishiri da oxidants. An inganta halayen injiniya na zafin canjin zafi na ƙimar, an ƙara yawan sinadarin chlorine daga 56.7% zuwa 63-69%, zafin laushi na Vicat ya ƙaru daga 72-82 °C, (zuwa 90-125 °C), matsakaicin zafin amfani zai iya kaiwa 110 °C kuma zafin amfani na dogon lokaci shine 95 °C. Daga cikinsu, alamun aikin CORZAN CPVC sun fi kyau. Saboda haka, CPVC sabon nau'in filastik ne na injiniya tare da yuwuwar amfani mai faɗi.

Farashin UPVC
An yi bututun UPVC da resin PVC, wanda ke da kyawawan halaye kamar daidaiton yanayin zafi, narkewa akai-akai da kuma shan sinadaran da ke cikin ƙarin abubuwa cikin sauri lokacin da ƙarfin nauyi tsakanin sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin resin ya ragu, kuma a lokaci guda, ana amfani da sanannen sinadarin calcium da zinc a duniya, wanda zai iya kamawa, hanawa da kuma sha sinadarin hydrogen chloride yayin da ake aiwatar da yawan zafin jiki da narkewar resin, da kuma aiwatar da haɗakar haɗin gwiwa biyu tare da tsarin polyene don maye gurbin ƙwayoyin chlorine masu aiki da marasa ƙarfi a cikin ƙwayar. Haɗin haɗakar haɗin gwiwa biyu tare da tsarin polyene yana maye gurbin ƙwayoyin chlorine masu aiki da marasa ƙarfi a cikin ƙwayar. Wannan yana sarrafa lalatawar catalytic da kuma lalatawar oxidative na resin a cikin yanayin narkewa.

PP
PPBututu abu ne mai kama da crystalline. Ya fi tauri kuma yana da wurin narkewa mafi girma fiye da PE. Ganin cewa homopolymer PP yana da rauni sosai sama da 0°C, yawancin kayan PP na kasuwanci ba su da tsari tare da ethylene 1-4% ko mafi girman ƙimar ethylene a cikin kwamfutocin pincushion. Ƙarfin PP yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar abun ciki na ethylene kuma yana da zafin jiki mai laushi na Vicat na 150°C. Saboda yawan lu'ulu'u, kayan yana da kyakkyawan tauri a saman da juriyar karce, kuma PP ba ya fama da fashewar damuwa ta muhalli. Yawanci ana gyara PP ta hanyar ƙara zaruruwan gilashi, ƙarin ƙarfe ko robar thermoplastic. Yawan kwararar MFR na PP yana tsakanin 1 zuwa 40. Ƙananan kayan PP na MFR suna da juriya mafi kyau amma ƙarancin juriya. Ga MFR iri ɗaya, nau'in copolymer yana da ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da nau'in homopolymer. Saboda lu'ulu'u, raguwar PP yana da yawa, yawanci 1.8 zuwa 2.5%. Kuma daidaiton karkacewa ya fi kyau fiye da kayan kamar PE-HD. Ƙara wani ƙarin gilashi mai kashi 30% zai iya rage raguwar ruwa zuwa kashi 0.7%. Duk nau'ikan kayan PP guda biyu na homopolymer da copolymer suna da kyakkyawan juriya ga shaƙar danshi, lalata acid da alkali, da kuma narkewa. Duk da haka, ba ya jure wa sinadaran hydrocarbon mai ƙamshi (misali benzene), sinadaran hydrocarbon mai chlorine (carbon tetrachloride), da sauransu. Haka kuma PP ba ya jure wa iskar shaka a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kamar yadda PE ke yi.
PP wani nau'in polymer ne mai yawan raguwar ruwa (1.0-1.5%) saboda manyan canje-canje a cikin girma da kuma yanayin kwayoyin halitta mai girma lokacin da aka narke narkewar ruwa. Saboda haka, a lokacin aikin ƙera, ya kamata a ƙara matsin lamba da kuma saurin yankewa don inganta ingancin ƙera samfurin.

PE
Polyethylene shine mafi sauƙin tsari na polymeric organic compound kuma shine kayan polymer da aka fi amfani da su a duniya a yau. An yi polymer daga ethylene kuma an raba shi zuwa polyethylene mai yawa, polyethylene mai yawa matsakaici da polyethylene mai yawa gwargwadon yawansa. Polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa yana da laushi, polymerization mai yawa mai yawa; polyethylene mai yawa yana da halaye na tauri, tauri da ƙarfin injiniya, polymerization mai ƙarancin matsi. Ana iya amfani da polyethylene mai yawa don kwantena, bututu, da kayan kariya na lantarki masu yawan mita, waɗanda ake amfani da su don radar da talabijin. Polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa (matsa lamba) galibi ana amfani da shi da yawa. Polyethylene yana da kakin zuma kuma yana da santsi kamar kakin zuma. Idan ba a rina shi ba, polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa yana da haske, yayin da polyethylene mai yawa yana da haske, kuma polyethylene sarkar polymer ce mai yawan polymer wadda aka yi da -CH2-raka'a da aka haɗa ta hanyar ƙarawa da polymerization na ethylene (CH2=CH2). Halayen polyethylene sun dogara ne akan yadda aka polymerization shi; Ana samar da polyethylene mai yawan yawa (HDPE) ta hanyar Ziegler-Natta polymerization a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin matsin lamba (15-30 atm) na mahaɗan halitta. Kwayoyin polyethylene da aka polymerized a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi suna layi kuma suna da dogayen sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin halitta tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na ɗaruruwan dubbai. Idan aka sami polymerization mai saurin canzawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa (100-300 MPa), zafin jiki mai yawa (190-210 C) da kuma peroxide catalysis, sakamakon shine polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa (LDPE), wanda aka haɗa shi da rassan.
Polyethylene ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma yana da ƙarancin shan ruwa, har ma da sinadarai masu narkewa kamar toluene da acetic acid, waɗanda ba sa narkewa kaɗan a yanayin zafi sama da 70°C. Duk da haka, polyethylene a cikin siffa mai ƙura zai iya narkewa ko ya taurare a yanayin zafi daga 15°C zuwa 40°C. Idan zafin ya tashi, yana narkewa kuma yana shan zafi; idan zafin ya ragu, yana tauri kuma yana fitar da zafi. Hakanan kayan gini ne mai kyau saboda yana shan ruwa kaɗan, ba a jika shi da sauƙi kuma yana da kaddarorin rufewa.

PB
An ƙirƙiro kuma an yi amfani da Polybutylene a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma halayen kayansa sun ƙayyade buƙatun fasaha da kayan aiki masu yawa don samar da bayanan martaba, tare da manyan saka hannun jari a cikin kadarorin da aka ƙayyade.

PVDF
Bayyanar ta kasance mai haske ko fari foda ko barbashi, sarkar kwayoyin halitta an tsara ta sosai, amma kuma tana da haɗin hydrogen mai ƙarfi, ma'aunin iskar oxygen na 46%, ba mai ƙonewa ba, lu'ulu'u 65% ~ 78%, yawan 1.17 ~ 1.79g/cm3, wurin narkewa na 172 ℃, zafin juyawar zafi 112 ~ 145 ℃, zafin amfani na dogon lokaci na -40 ~ 150 ℃.
Resin PVDF galibi yana nufin vinylidene fluoride homopolymer ko vinylidene fluoride da ƙaramin adadin wasu fluorine vinyl monomer copolymer, resin PVDF duka resin fluorine da halayen resin gabaɗaya, ban da kyakkyawan juriya ga sinadarai, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, juriya ga iskar shaka, juriya ga yanayi, juriya ga radiation, amma kuma yana da piezoelectricity, dielectricity, thermoelectricity da sauran kaddarorin musamman, a halin yanzu shine samar da robobi masu ɗauke da fluorine. Aikace-aikacen PVDF galibi suna mai da hankali ne a cikin filayen shafa mai na petrochemical, lantarki da lantarki da fluorocarbon. Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, kaddarorin kariya na lantarki, don samar da kayan aiki don biyan buƙatun TOCS da masu hana harshen wuta, ana amfani da su sosai a masana'antar semiconductor akan ajiya da jigilar sinadarai masu tsabta, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan amfani da membrane mai laushi na resin PVDF, gel, diaphragm, da sauransu, a cikin aikace-aikacen batirin lithium na biyu, amfani da PVDF na yanzu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun kasuwa mafi sauri. PVDF ita ce mafi mahimmancin fenti mai ɗauke da fluorocarbon. PVDF yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan da aka ƙera, kuma an ƙera fenti mai ɗauke da fluorocarbon da aka shirya daga gare shi har zuwa ƙarni na shida. Saboda juriyar yanayi mai kyau na resin PVDF, ana iya amfani da shi a waje na dogon lokaci ba tare da gyara ba, kuma ana amfani da wannan nau'in fenti sosai a tashoshin wutar lantarki, filayen jirgin sama, manyan hanyoyi, gine-gine masu tsayi, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya haɗa resin PVDF tare da wasu resins, kamar PVDF da resin ABS da aka haɗa don samun kayan haɗin gwiwa, an yi amfani da shi sosai a gini, ado na mota, harsashi na kayan gida, da sauransu.
PVC wani nau'in kayan ado ne na filastik, PVC shine taƙaitaccen kayan polyvinyl chloride, shine babban kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen yin polyvinyl chloride resin, ƙara adadin da ya dace na wakili mai hana tsufa, gyarawa, da sauransu, ta hanyar haɗawa, calendering, injin blister da sauran hanyoyin yin kayan.

Kayan PVC suna da sauƙi, suna da rufin zafi, suna kiyaye zafi, suna hana danshi, suna hana harshen wuta kuma suna da sauƙin ginawa. Bayani dalla-dalla, launuka da alamu.
Yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan ado da aka fi amfani da su a tsakanin kayan filastik.

Amfanin fasteners na PVC galibi sune kamar haka:
1. Ingancin haske, rufin zafi, kiyaye zafi, juriyar danshi, hana harshen wuta, juriyar acid da alkali, juriyar tsatsa.
2. Kwanciyar hankali, ingantaccen dielectricity, dorewa, hana tsufa, sauƙin haɗawa da haɗawa.
3. Ƙarfin lanƙwasawa mai ƙarfi da taurin tasiri, tsayin daka mai yawa idan ya karye.
4. Yana da sauƙin sarrafawa da siffantawa ta hanyar kunsawa, haɗawa, yin zanen gado, yankewa, fitar da ko kuma yin simintin da aka yi da ƙarfe, kuma yana iya biyan buƙatun takamaiman bayanai daban-daban.
5. Launi mai laushi, launi mai haske, kayan ado, da kuma aikace-aikacen ado mai faɗi.
6. Tsarin ginin yana da sauƙi kuma shigarwa yana da sauƙi.

An yi bututun PE da kayan polyethylene, bututun PE ya dace da shigarwar ɓoye, kayan shigarwa na buɗewa yana da sauƙin tsufa.

Bututun PP-R yana da fa'idodin nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarfi mai kyau, juriya ga tsatsa, babu sikelin, tsawon rai na sabis, da sauransu, ban da manyan fasaloli masu zuwa:
(1) Kayan gini marasa guba, tsafta, kore, kayan gini na PP-R polyolefin ne, kwayoyin halittarsa ​​sun kunshi carbon, hydrogen, ba su da guba, kyakkyawan aikin lafiya;
(2) masu jure zafi, kiyaye zafi, kayayyakin da ke adana kuzari, bututun PP-R Vicat mai laushi zafin jiki na 131.3 ℃, mafi girman zafin amfani na 95 ℃, tsawon lokaci (shekaru 50) zafin amfani har zuwa 70 ℃. Matsakaicin zafin samfurin shine 0.24W/m℃, wanda shine 1/200 kawai na ƙarfin zafin bututun ƙarfe, don haka yana da kyakkyawan tasirin adana kuzari don rufin bututun ruwan zafi;
(3) Mai sauƙin shigarwa, abin dogaro, ta amfani da haɗin haɗin zafi mai kama da juna, ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan don kammala haɗin haɗin gwiwa, da haɗin bututun ƙarfe da na'urar ruwa ta amfani da kayan aikin saka ƙarfe masu inganci, aminci da aminci.

Yankunan aikace-aikace don bututun ruwan zafi da sanyi na PP-R
Tsarin ruwan zafi da sanyi a gine-gine, gami da tsarin dumama tsakiya;
Tsarin dumama a gine-gine, gami da tsarin dumama bene, bangon bango da tsarin dumama mai haske;
Tsarin samar da ruwa mai tsafta wanda za a iya amfani da shi kai tsaye don sha;
Tsarin sanyaya iska na tsakiya (tsakiya);
Tsarin ban ruwa na noma da lambu;
hanyoyin sadarwa na ruwan sama;
hanyoyin sadarwa na wurin waha;
Hanyoyin sadarwa na bututu don shigar da hasken rana;

Ana amfani da PPR gabaɗaya don ƙananan diamita na bututu, kuma PPR yana samuwa ga shigarwa a buɗe da ɓoye.
Bututun PB wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi a fannin polymer na polybutylene, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a ƙasashe masu tasowa kamar Turai da Amurka, kuma ya maye gurbin jan ƙarfe a matsayin abin da aka fi so don bututun samar da ruwan zafi.

Babban kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da bututun PEX shine HDPE, haka kuma mai farawa, wakili mai haɗa haɗin gwiwa, mai kara kuzari da sauran ƙari, kamar buƙatu na musamman, suma za su iya ƙara wasu gyare-gyare.
Ana ƙera bututun PEX ta amfani da fasahar mataki ɗaya mafi ci gaba a duniya (hanyar MONSOIL), ta amfani da kayan polyethylene na yau da kullun don ƙara kayan dasa silane, suna ƙirƙirar haɗin haɗin sinadarai tsakanin sarƙoƙin macromolecular na polymer don maye gurbin ƙarfin van der Waals na asali, don haka suna ƙirƙirar tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai girman girma uku na polyethylene mai haɗin giciye, matakin haɗin giciye har zuwa 60% ~ 89%, don haka yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai.

ABS wani terpolymer ne mai tushen styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau, juriya ga zafi, juriya ga mai, da sauransu.
Ana amfani da bututun PVC na lantarki wajen shimfida wayoyi a gida, kuma ya kamata ya zama bututun PVC na wuta na yau da kullun, akwai kuma wasu sake shimfida najasa ta amfani da bututun PVC, kuma ana amfani da PPR da aka saba amfani da shi wajen gyaran layukan ruwa, PPR ya fi dacewa da ruwa.
Babban bambancin shine cewa kayan sun bambanta, ppr shine bazuwar copolymer polypropylene, pvc shine polyvinyl chloride. Ana iya amfani da pvc don magudanar ruwa, ppr shine galibi don ruwa (ana amfani da shi saboda farashin magudanar ruwa yayi yawa). A zahiri, pvc ba shi da guba kamar bututun jiko na likitanci kuma yawancin marufi na filastik ana amfani da su don gini ne kawai, ana amfani da su don gyare-gyare kawai, ƙari ppr na iya zama mai zafi narke pvc ba zai iya ba.
Ana samar da PPR daga kayan polypropylene na copolymer, ana samar da PVC daga kayan polyvinyl chloride, tsohon farashin samarwa mai yawa, ingancin lafiya shima ya fi PVC kyau, kuma yana iya kaiwa ƙasa da 75 ℃ ruwan zafi, rashin amfanin ya fi sauƙin lalacewa. PVC ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin farashin samarwa, ana amfani da shi sosai a ban ruwa na noma, rashin amfanin shine kawai a sha ruwan sanyi.

PE bututu
Yanayin zafin jiki
Bututun samar da ruwa na PE, ƙarancin zafin jiki, zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, yana da ƙasa sosai, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin kewayon -40 ℃ zuwa 60 ℃, shigarwa da ginin hunturu ba zai faru a cikin bututun da ke da rauni ba.
lalata juriya
Polyethylene abu ne mai aiki da kansa, mai jure wa gurɓataccen iska, ba ya haifar da lalacewar bututun, ba ya haifar da ruɓewa, tsatsa da kuma tsatsa.
sassauci
Tsawon bututun samar da ruwa na PE a lokacin da ya karye ya wuce kashi 800%, girgizar gida ba zai haifar da dukkan girgizar bututun ba, juriya mai ƙarfi ga girgiza. Yanayin lanƙwasa na polyethylene yana ba da damar naɗe bututun ruwa na PE, yana rage buƙatar kayan haɗin kai da yawa kuma yana ba da damar ginin ya kauce wa cikas, yana rage wahalar gini.
Rage matsin lamba
Saboda yawan lu'ulu'u na HDPE, ƙarfi da tauri suna ƙaruwa. Idan aka haɗa shi sosai, zai iya jure matsin lamba na ciki kuma ana amfani da shi sosai don samar da ruwa da bututun matsi mai ƙonewa.
Tsafta
Tsafta kuma ba ta da guba, bututun ba ya haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, ba zai haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa na biyu ba, zai magance lahani na gurɓataccen ruwa gaba ɗaya.
Ƙarfin kewayawa
Bututun samar da ruwa na PE mai santsi a bango na ciki, ƙaramin adadin gogayya, ƙaramin juriya ga ruwa, ƙaramin asarar kai, babu sikelin nauyi, rage asarar matsi na bututun da kuma amfani da makamashin watsa ruwa, fa'idodin tattalin arziki a bayyane suke.
Tsaron bututu
Bututun ruwa na PE suna da alaƙa ta hanyar haɗakar zafi da lantarki, ƙarfin haɗin yana da girma fiye da ƙarfin bututun da kansa, wanda zai iya tsayayya da ƙarfin kewaye da axial da matsin lamba na ciki ke haifarwa yadda ya kamata. Aikin rufewa yana da kyau sosai har babu buƙatar damuwa game da zubewa saboda ɓarkewar haɗin.