Karin farashin POE kuma?

A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kayan ƙarfafawa da ake amfani da su akai-akai, wannan motsi babu shakka yana haifar da ciwon kai ga kamfanonin gyara. Ƙarfi da ƙarfi sune muhimman alamomi guda biyu na aikin injiniya, don haka gyaran ƙarfafawa na filastik babban alkibla ne na gyaran filastik, kuma a zamanin yau ta hanyar Ƙarfi da ƙarfi sune muhimman alamomi guda biyu na aikin injiniya, don haka gyaran ƙarfafawa na filastik babban alkibla ne na gyaran filastik, kuma a zamanin yau ta hanyar ƙara wakili mai ƙarfafawa har yanzu ita ce hanya mafi dacewa da inganci ta ƙarfafawa.

To, ban da amfani da tauri na elastomer, waɗanne zaɓuɓɓuka ne? A yau ina ɗauke ku don tsarawa, gyara mai ƙarfi, waɗanne ra'ayoyi ne masu yiwuwa.

Ana iya raba sinadaran tauri da ake amfani da su akai-akai zuwa rukuni biyu: sinadaran tauri masu aiki da kuma sinadaran tauri marasa aiki. Su ne waɗanda sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta suka ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi masu aiki waɗanda za su iya amsawa da resin matrix, wanda zai iya samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa da kuma ƙara wani ɓangare na sinadaran tauri marasa aiki sune nau'in masu tauri waɗanda suka dace da resin tushe, amma ba sa shiga.

Kayan tauri na elastomeric

Kusan dukkan kayan aiki masu sassauƙa za a iya amfani da su azaman abubuwan ƙarfafawa ga kayan aiki masu rauni, mabuɗin shine dacewa tsakanin abubuwan da ke da matakai da yawa, kawai tsarin ƙarfafawa mai kyau don cimma manufar ƙarfafawa da ake buƙata, in ba haka ba yana da illa. Ana rarraba masu ƙarfafawa na elastomeric da aka saba amfani da su ta hanyar yanayin zafi mai girma ko ƙasa da gilashi.

(1) Guduro mai jure wa tasiri sosai
Kamar su polyethylene mai chlorinated (CPE), methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (MBS), acrylate copolymer (ACR), styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), hydrogenated SBS (SEBS), POE, EVA, da sauransu.
(2) Roba mai jure wa tasirin da ba shi da ƙarfi
Kamar robar ethylene propylene (EPR), EPDM, NBR, NR, SBR, BR, CR, da sauransu.
Bugu da ƙari, idan aka yi amfani da TPU a matsayin wakili mai tauri ga PA66, ƙarfin tasirin da aka yi amfani da shi na haɗin PA66/TPU zai inganta sosai, kuma halayen tauri na haɗin yana raguwa kaɗan. Halayen injiniya suna kaiwa mafi kyau lokacin da adadin TPU ya zama 5%. Ƙirgar lu'ulu'u ta ragu da kashi 50%, wanda ke nuna cewa tsarin yana da tasirin tauri a bayyane akan PA66.

Rarrabawa ta hanyar tsarin ciki na elastomer.

(1) Ajin elastomer da aka riga aka ƙaddara
Su polymers ne masu tsari da harsashi, tare da elastomer mai laushi da kuma polymer mai babban harsashi mai yanayin canjin gilashi. Kamar MBS, ACS, MABS, da sauransu.
(2) Ajin elastomer wanda ba a riga an ƙaddara ba
Sinadarin polymer ne mai tsari, kuma ana gyara tasirinsa ta hanyar tsarin aikin narkewa, kamar CPE, EVA, da sauransu.
(3) Ajin elastomer na wucin gadi

Tsarin yana tsakanin elastomer da aka riga aka ƙaddara da wanda ba a riga aka ƙaddara ba, kamar ABS, da sauransu.

Kayan aiki masu tauri

Kayan tauri marasa tsari (RIF), galibi masu cika inorganic marasa tsari marasa tsari da kuma masu cika na musamman.

Cikakken inorganic mai kyau yana nufin girman barbashi tsakanin 0.1-5μm, tasirin gyara na irin wannan cikawa tare da ƙaruwar ƙarin cikawa, tsarin haɗa ƙarfin tauri da ƙarfin tasiri yana raguwa cikin sauƙi, ba a canza shi ba ko kaɗan ya ƙaru, yayin da sauran halaye ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

Kayan cikawa na musamman sun haɗa da manyan zare (CF), abubuwan cika allura/sphere, gishirin ƙarfe na alkaline da ma'adanai na ƙasa masu wuya, da sauransu.

Manyan zare kamar zare na carbon, zare na boron, zare na quartz, zare na organic, nanotubes na carbon da kuma gashin baki daban-daban. Yaduwar manyan zare a cikin polymers dole ne a yi ta ta hanyoyi na musamman da aka yi niyya.

Cikakken allura kamar wollastonite mai kama da allura, wanda ke da wani tasirin tauri.

Gabaɗaya, ana yi masa magani da silane coupling agent ko compound coupling agent na tsawon minti 10-15 a zafin 50-80℃, kuma ana ba da shawarar ƙara adadin 10-15%. Wollastonite ba tare da magani ba ba shi da tasirin tauri.
Abubuwan da ke cike da siffar ƙwallo sun haɗa da ƙananan siffofi na gilashi, ƙananan siffofi na gilashi, ƙananan siffofi na wollastonite, ƙananan siffofi na filastik, ƙananan siffofi na yumbu, da sauransu.

Gishirin ƙarfe na alkaline galibi sun haɗa da barium sulfate, adadin cikawa a cikin kewayon da ya dace, ƙarfin tasirin kayan cikawa yana da matakai daban-daban na haɓakawa, idan aka ƙara kusan kashi 60%, ƙarfin tasirin ya kai kololuwa.
Ma'adanai masu ƙarancin ƙasa galibi sune oxides masu ƙarancin ƙasa, mahaɗan alkyl masu ƙarancin ƙasa da gishirin ƙasa, kamar rubidium oxide da cerium fluoride. Tsarin tauri na ma'adanai masu ƙarancin ƙasa gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da nucleation ɗinsu, watau ana amfani da ƙasa masu ƙarancin ƙasa azaman masu samar da nucleating don inganta tsarin lu'ulu'u na tsarin tauri da cimma manufar tauri. Ana amfani da shi galibi wajen tauri polymers na lu'ulu'u, kamar PP, PA, POM, da sauransu.

(2) Kayan halitta masu tauri (ROF)
KamarPMMA, PP, PS, MMA/S da SAN, da sauransu. Tare da aiki biyu na tauri da ƙarfafawa, tasirin tauri da ƙarfafawa abu ne mai ban mamaki.

Ka'idar tauri
Idan kayan polymer suka fuskanci nauyin tasiri lokacin da kayan ya lalace (karyewa), girman taurinsa ya dogara ne akan girman kuzarin tasirin da kayan ya sha da kuma ikonsa na tsayayya da faɗaɗa tsagewa. To ta yaya kayan ƙarfafawa da matrix ke taka rawa wajen tauri a cikin polymers?

1. Tsarin tauri na Elastomer

Elastomer yana shan makamashi kai tsaye, lokacin da samfurin ya shafa zai samar da ƙananan fasa, lokacin da barbashin roba a duk faɗin fashewar, fashewar da za ta haɓaka dole ne ta shimfiɗa tsarin lalata roba, don shan kuzari mai yawa, ta haka yana ƙara ƙarfin tasirin filastik.

2. Ka'idar yawan amfanin ƙasa

Ƙarfin tasirin roba mai ƙarfi ya fi fitowa ne daga nakasar yawan amfani da resin matrix, dalilin kuma shine nakasar yawan amfani da resin matrix shine cewa yawan amfani da resin matrix ya fi na roba girma, matakin sanyaya a tsarin ƙera na nakasar zafi da kuma nakasar tsarin nakasar juyewar ...

3. Ka'idar tushe mai rauni

Gilashin roba suna aiki a matsayin wuraren tattara damuwa, suna ƙirƙirar adadi mai yawa na ƙananan tsagewa maimakon ƴan manyan tsagewa, kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin kuzari don faɗaɗa ƙananan tsagewa da yawa fiye da faɗaɗa manyan tsagewa kaɗan. A lokaci guda, filayen damuwa na ƙananan tsagewa da yawa suna tsoma baki da juna, suna raunana manyan damuwa don haɓaka tsagewa, wanda, bi da bi, yana rage ci gaban tsagewa kuma yana haifar da ƙarewar tsagewa.

4. Ka'idar tsarin azurfa da yawa

Saboda yawan barbashin roba da ke cikin robar da ta yi tauri, yawan tarin damuwa yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na tsarin azurfa, wanda zai iya wargaza kuzari mai yawa. Barbashin roba suma suna da ƙarshen layin azurfa, kuma ƙananan barbashin ba za su iya kawo ƙarshen layin azurfa ba.

5. Ka'idar madaurin azurfa mai tsini-tsami

Wannan wata muhimmiyar ka'ida ce da aka yarda da ita gabaɗaya a masana'antar. Gwaje-gwaje da yawa sun nuna cewa tsarin lalata polymer ya ƙunshi matakai biyu: ɗaya shine tsarin lalata shear, ɗayan kuma shine tsarin rippling na azurfa. Tsarin yanke ya haɗa da duka lalacewar samar da shear da aka watsa da kuma ƙirƙirar madaurin yanke na gida. Canjin shear canji ne kawai a siffar abu, kuzarin haɗin kai tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta da yawan abu ba ya canzawa. Tsarin striation na azurfa, a gefe guda, yana sa yawan abu ya ragu sosai. A gefe guda, akwai ramuka a cikin jikin hatsin azurfa, yana nuna cewa haɓakar azurfa ya haifar da wasu lalacewa ga kayan, wanda shine abin da ke haifar da lalacewar karyewar ƙananan microscopic; a gefe guda kuma, ƙwayar azurfa tana cinye kuzari mai yawa a cikin tsarin samarwa da girma, wanda ke hana faɗaɗa fasa da inganta taurin kayan, wanda shine ɗayan hanyoyin injiniya na taurin polymer. Saboda haka, fahimtar ainihin abin da ya faru na azurfa shine ginshiƙin fahimtar tsarin nakasa da karyewar kayan polymer, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mabuɗin aiwatar da ƙirar robobi masu haɗe-haɗe, musamman robobi masu tauri.

6. Ka'idar cavitation

Ka'idar cavitation tana nufin abin da ke faruwa a cikin barbashin roba ko kuma a layin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin barbashin roba da substrate a ƙarƙashin aikin damuwa mai girma uku a cikin tsarin ƙarancin zafin jiki ko nakasa mai sauri. Ka'idar cewa: filastik da aka gyara da roba a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin waje, barbashin roba na lokaci-lokaci da aka watsa saboda yawan damuwa, wanda ke haifar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin roba da matrix da kansa don samar da cavitation, da zarar an cire barbashin roba, an saki damuwar matsin lamba ta hydrostatic da ke kewaye da robar, yanayin damuwa na siraran matrix tsakanin ramuka, daga girma uku zuwa girma ɗaya, da kuma matsin lamba na jirgin sama zuwa damuwa ta jirgin sama, kuma wannan sabon yanayin damuwa yana da amfani ga samuwar band ɗin shear. Saboda haka, cavitation da kanta ba zai iya zama canjin kayan mai rauni-mai ƙarfi ba; kawai yana haifar da canji a yanayin damuwa na kayan, wanda ke haifar da shear ba da damar yin shear, yana hana ƙarin faɗaɗa tsagewa, kuma yana inganta taurin kayan.