Jagorori guda huɗu na hana tsufa da ya kamata ku sani a cikin injunan fitar da filastik

Ana amfani da kayan polymer sosai a fannoni da dama kamar masana'antu masu inganci, bayanai na lantarki, sufuri, adana makamashin gini, sararin samaniya, tsaron ƙasa da masana'antar soja saboda kyawawan halayensu kamar nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarfi mai yawa, juriyar zafin jiki da juriyar tsatsa. Wannan ba wai kawai yana samar da faffadan fili ga sabuwar masana'antar kayan polymer ba, har ma yana gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma kan ingancin aikinsa, matakin aminci da ƙarfin garanti.

Saboda haka, yadda za a inganta aikin kayayyakin polymer daidai da ƙa'idodin tanadin makamashi, ƙarancin carbon da ci gaban muhalli yana ƙara zama abin damuwa. Tsufa muhimmin abu ne a cikin aminci da dorewar kayan polymer.
Na gaba za mu duba menene tsufan polymer, nau'ikan tsufa, abubuwan da ke haifar da shi, manyan hanyoyin hana tsufa da kuma hana tsufa daga cikin biyar da aka fi sanirobobi.

I. Tsufa ta roba
Halayen tsarin da yanayin jiki na kayan polymer da abubuwan da ke waje kamar zafi, haske, iskar oxygen mai zafi, ozone, ruwa, acid, alkali, ƙwayoyin cuta da enzymes a cikin tsarin amfani suna sa su zama masu rauni ko asara yayin aiwatar da aikace-aikacen.
Ba wai kawai hakan yana haifar da ɓatar da albarkatu da kuma ƙarin haɗurra saboda gazawar aikinsu ba, har ma da rugujewar kayan da tsufansu ke haifarwa na iya haifar da gurɓata muhalli. Tsufawar kayan polymer yayin amfani da su yana da yuwuwar haifar da manyan bala'o'i da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba.
Saboda haka, hana tsufa na kayan polymer ya zama matsala da masana'antar polymer dole ne ta magance.

II. Nau'ikan tsufa na polymer
Saboda nau'ikan polymers daban-daban da kuma yanayin amfani daban-daban, akwai abubuwan tsufa da halaye daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, tsufan kayan polymer za a iya rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan canje-canje guda huɗu masu zuwa.

01 Canje-canje a cikin bayyanar
Tabo, tabo, azurfa, tsagewa, frosting, alli, mannewa, karkacewa, idanun kifi, ƙuraje, ƙaiƙayi, ƙonewa, karkacewar gani da canje-canje a launin gani.

02 Canje-canje a cikin halayen jiki
Canje-canje a cikin narkewar ruwa, kumburi, halayen rheological, juriya ga sanyi, juriya ga zafi, juriya ga ruwa, wucewar iska, da sauransu.

03 Canje-canje a cikin halayen injiniya
Canje-canje a ƙarfin tauri, ƙarfin lanƙwasawa, ƙarfin yankewa, ƙarfin tasiri, tsawaitawa, sassauta damuwa, da sauransu.

04 Canje-canje a cikin halayen lantarki
Kamar canje-canje a cikin juriyar saman, juriyar girma, ma'aunin dielectric, ƙarfin rushewar lantarki, da sauransu.

III. Binciken ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na tsufa na kayan polymeric
Sinadaran polymer suna samar da ƙwayoyin da ke motsawa a ƙarƙashin tasirin zafi ko haske. Idan kuzarin ya yi yawa, sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin suna karyewa don samar da ƙwayoyin halitta masu 'yanci, waɗanda za su iya samar da halayen sarƙoƙi a cikin polymer kuma su ci gaba da haifar da lalacewa, kuma suna iya haifar da haɗin gwiwa.
Idan akwai iskar oxygen ko ozone a cikin muhalli, ana haifar da jerin halayen oxidation, suna samar da hydroperoxides (ROOH) da kuma sake bazuwa cikin ƙungiyoyin carbonyl.
Idan akwai ragowar ions ɗin ƙarfe masu kara kuzari a cikin polymer, ko kuma idan an kawo ions ɗin ƙarfe kamar jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, manganese da cobalt yayin sarrafawa ko amfani da su, wannan zai hanzarta lalacewar polymer ɗin.

IV. Manyan hanyoyi don inganta aikin hana tsufa

A halin yanzu, manyan hanyoyin ingantawa da haɓaka aikin hana tsufa na kayan polymer sune waɗannan guda huɗu.

01 Kariyar jiki (kauri, fenti, mahaɗin Layer na waje, da sauransu)
Tsufawar kayan polymer, musamman tsufan photo-oxidative, tana farawa ne daga saman kayan ko samfurin, tana bayyana a matsayin canza launi, alli, fashewa, asarar sheƙi, da sauransu, sannan a hankali ta zurfafa cikin ciki. Siraran kayayyaki suna da yuwuwar lalacewa da wuri fiye da samfuran masu kauri, don haka ana iya tsawaita rayuwar samfurin ta hanyar ƙara kauri samfurin.
Ga samfuran da ke saurin tsufa, ana iya shafa wani shafi mai jure yanayi a saman, ko kuma a sanya wani abu mai jure yanayi a saman samfurin, ta haka za a haɗa wani Layer mai kariya a saman samfurin, wanda hakan zai jinkirta tsufa.

02 Ingantaccen aiki
Yawancin kayayyaki kuma suna fama da matsalolin tsufa yayin haɗawa ko shiryawa. Misali, tasirin zafi yayin haɗawa, tsufan zafi da iskar oxygen yayin sarrafawa, da sauransu. Sannan, saboda haka, ana iya rage tasirin iskar oxygen ta hanyar ƙara na'urorin cire iskar oxygen ko na'urorin fitar da iskar oxygen yayin haɗawa ko sarrafawa.
Duk da haka, wannan hanyar za ta iya tabbatar da aikin kayan ne kawai a masana'anta, kuma ana iya aiwatar da ita ne kawai daga tushen shirya kayan kuma ba za ta iya magance matsalar tsufarsa ba yayin sake sarrafawa da amfani da shi.

03 Tsarin gini ko gyaran kayan aiki
Yawancin kayan polymer suna da ƙungiyoyi a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halittarsu waɗanda ke da saurin tsufa, don haka ƙirar tsarin kwayoyin halittar kayan don maye gurbin ƙungiyoyin da ke da saurin tsufa da ƙungiyoyin da ba sa tsufa sau da yawa na iya yin tasiri mai kyau.

04 Ƙara ƙarin abubuwan hana tsufa
A halin yanzu, hanya mai inganci kuma gama gari don inganta juriyar tsufa na kayan polymer shine ƙara ƙarin abubuwan hana tsufa, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai saboda ƙarancin farashinsu da kuma gaskiyar cewa ba sa buƙatar canje-canje ga hanyoyin samarwa da ake da su. Ana iya ƙara waɗannan abubuwan hana tsufa ta hanyoyi biyu.

Ana haɗa ƙarin da ke hana tsufa (foda ko ruwa) kai tsaye da resin da sauran kayan da aka yi amfani da su sannan a fitar da shi a saka shi a cikin granules ko allura, da sauransu. Wannan hanya ce mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi ta ƙarawa, wadda ake amfani da ita sosai ta hanyar shuke-shuken pelletizing da injection implanting.