Babban jerin duk nau'ikan ƙarin filastik don layin fitar da filastik!

Filastik Additives, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙarin filastik, sune mahaɗan da dole ne a ƙara su a cikin polymers (resin roba) don inganta halayen sarrafa su ko don inganta aikin resin da kansa.
Ƙara ƙarin abubuwa na iya haɓaka sarrafa robobi don inganta sarrafa abubuwa, halayen jiki da sinadarai na kayan tushe da kuma ƙara halayen jiki da sinadarai na kayan tushe.

A yau za mu koyi game da rarrabuwar sinadaran roba da kuma yin nazari kan nau'ikan sinadaran roba daban-daban.

1. Maganin hana tsufa (Antioxidant)
Haɗin da ba a cika ba a cikin robobi yana fuskantar barazanar ƙwayoyin iskar oxygen, zafi da haske kuma yana haifar da karyewa don samar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu 'yanci, wanda ke haifar da amsawar sarka wadda ke karya sarkar kwayoyin halitta ko kuma ta samar da haɗin sarka, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙarfi ko karyewar samfurin robobi da aka gama. Aikin antioxidants shine jinkirta ruɓewar robobi saboda iskar oxygen da kuma tsawaita rayuwar kayayyakin robobi.
Ana iya bambance magungunan antioxidants da ake amfani da su a masana'antar robobi bisa ga aikinsu kamar haka:

(1) Masu hana haɗakar iskar oxygen
Kamar Alkyl phenol, Butylated hydroxytoluene, Aromaticamines, Phenyl-B-Naphthylamine, Alkyl quinone, Alkylene bisphenol, Alkyl phenolthioether, Phenyl salicylate da sauransu.
(2) Na'urar rage sinadarin peroxide
Kamar tsarin Liu barasa mai saurin kamuwa da sulfide, Thio propionate ester, Organic phosphites da sauransu.
(3) Masu hana ƙarfe mai nauyi
Kamar amides, hydrazides, mahaɗan amine masu ƙanshi, da sauransu.

2, wakili mai hana kumburi
Babban aikin sinadaran hana tsatsa shine ya ba robobi wutar lantarki ta yadda ba za su tara wutar lantarki mai tsauri ba saboda gogayya. Abubuwan hana tsatsa da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da gishirin ammonium quaternary, amines, fatty acid esters da kuma kakin sulphonated.

3, Mai hura iska
Akwai manyan nau'ikan kumfa guda uku na robobi.
(1) nitrogen, carbon dioxide, da iska, waɗanda aka matse kai tsaye cikin narkewar filastik don yin kumfa.
(2) ruwaye masu canzawa kamar butane, pentane, petroleum ether, difluorodichloromethane, da sauransu, bayan dumama wanda ke faɗaɗawa, kuma yana sa jikin filastik ya zama kumfa, kumfa polystyrene gama gari wanda ke cikin wannan nau'in.
(3) rugujewar sinadarin sinadarai, wannan nau'in sinadarin busawa gabaɗaya foda ne mai ƙarfi, ana dumama su wanda ke ruɓewa don fitar da iskar gas (yawanci nitrogen ko carbon dioxide), kuma suna yin tsarin filastik kamar tantanin halitta, da rage nauyi.

Wannan nau'in sinadarin kumfa galibi mahadi ne na azo na halitta, kamar azodicarbonamide, azobisisobutyro-nitrile (AIBN a takaice). Manyan robobi da ake amfani da su wajen kumfa sune: ABS, PS, PVC, PU, ​​EVA, PE, PP, da sauransu.

4. Mai kashe gobara
Idan aka fallasa robobi masu hana harshen wuta ga harshen wuta, suna hana yaɗuwar harshen wuta kuma suna hana samuwar hayaki da kansu, kuma idan aka cire harshen wutar, wutar za ta tsaya cak.

Za a iya raba ƙa'idodin hana harshen wuta da ake amfani da su a cikin robobi zuwa manyan rukuni uku.

(1) Abubuwan da ba sa ƙonewa da iskar oxygen za su iya amsawa da iskar gas mai hana iska, wanda aka lulluɓe shi da kayan ƙonawa, wanda hakan zai rage yawan iskar oxygen da ke cikin kayan ƙonawa don kawo ƙarshen manufar ƙonewa. Inda ƙonewa zai iya samar da mahaɗan CO2, CO2, NH3 da halogen, kamar PVC, kumfa PU, polyester ko epoxy resin, da sauransu. An zaɓi wannan hanyar.

(2) Maganin hana harshen wuta mara amsawa wani sinadari ne da ke ɗauke da halogen, phosphorus, nitrogen ko boron, idan ƙonewa ya faru, yana iya ruguza wani abu mara aiki, wanda aka lulluɓe shi da kayan ƙonewa na filastik a saman, yana samar da wani shinge don ware iskar oxygen ta waje, don cimma manufar juriyar harshen wuta.

(3) masu ɗauke da sinadarin ruwa kamar sinadarin alumina wanda ba ya ƙonewa, suna fuskantar ƙonewa, suna iya fitar da iskar gas, suna shaƙar zafin tsarin ƙonewa, ta yadda zafin da ke kewaye da kayan ƙonewa zai rage yaɗuwar hana harshen wuta, don hana samuwar hayaki.

5, Man shafawa
Ana iya raba man shafawa zuwa man shafawa na ciki da man shafawa na waje, babban aikin man shafawa na ciki shine inganta ruwan resin na ciki, rage gogayya tsakanin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin resin, kamar su kitsen acid (stearic acid monoglycerides); man shafawa na waje wajen rage mannewar resin ga injinan sarrafawa, da kuma inganta santsi na samfurin mai sauƙin fitarwa, kamar HoechstWax.

6, Mai gyara tasirin tasiri
Masu gyaran tasirin galibi resins ne na musamman waɗanda ake ƙarawa ta hanyar haɗawa don inganta juriyar tasirin robobi. Masu gyaran tasirin sau da yawa suna shafar juriyar zafi, kwarara ko iya sarrafa filastik kuma dole ne a zaɓa su da kyau.